How should friction and wear be dealt with
Release time：
2025-12-17
I. What is Friction?
Friction is the process in which the sliding motion of interacting surfaces generates resistance due to several influencing parameters. Most people believe that surface roughness is the main factor causing friction. However, when considering that the actual contact area may be less than 1% of the surface contact area, the actual roughness becomes less important. The cause of friction should be the result of adhesion at the molecular level of rough contact.
When the thickness of the lubricating film on the metal surface is insufficient, rough contact points may lead to cold welding, which is a prerequisite for adhesive wear. The adhesion on these rough points has undergone a reinforcement and hardening process, so the shear points generally occur at the level below the rough contact points of the metal that have not been strengthened. As a metal shear, the rough tip is either transferred to another surface or broken down into a abrasive grain.
Adhesion is usually regarded as the initial form of mechanical wear. In addition to the wear of the abrasive grains themselves, there is also wear from external sources, which makes abrasive wear more destructive. This form of wear is called three-body wear. The wear of the two bodies is caused by the sharp surface contact points produced by cutting or planing.
Surface fatigue occurs during rolling contact. The fatigue mechanism originates from the formation and expansion of cracks within the working surface or the surface layer. High stress under surface rolling conditions can lead to fatigue wear.
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